Stress in the workplace
A focus on individual stress can be counterproductive, leading to a failure to tackle the underlying cause of problems in the workplace. Evidence has shown that poor working arrangements, such as lack of job control or discretion, consistently high risk demands and low social support, can lead to increased risks of coronary heart disease, musculoskeletal disorders, mental illness and sickness absence. The real task is to improve the quality of job control, and applying appropriate human resources practices and policies-organizations need to ensure they adopt approaches that support the overall health and well being of their employees. There are two main ways in which workplace stress being addressed. The traditional approach has been see the individual as unable to cope with the demands and pressures and therefore in need of support. Many large workplace offer stress management, counselling services and employee assistance programmes to help people adjust to new skills. Organizational approaches to stress are still rare despite a growing literature linking stress with organizational factors, such as lack of control or lack of consultation over changes. These approaches start from the view that illness and stressed behavior are responses to factors in the workplace, and of which individuals may not even be aware.
7 ตัวกระตุ้นที่สนับสนุนให้เกิดความเครียดในสถานที่ทำงาน ได้แก่
1. Demands (ความต้องการ) : ปริมาณงาน และ รูปแบบการทำงาน
2. Control (การควบคุม) : how much of a say employees have over things that affect them
3. Support (กาสนับสนุน) : การให้กำลังใจ การชื่นชม การให้รางวัล และแหล่งทรัพยากรRelationships at work (ความสัมพันธ์ในการทำงาน) : การจัดการการขัดแย้ง หรือพฤติกรรมที่รับไม่ได้
4. Role (กฎระเบียบ) : ทำความเข้าใจในกฎระเบียบและไม่ขัดกับกฎระเบียบ
5. Change (การเปลี่ยนแปลง) : How it is managed and communicated
6. Culture (วัฒนธรรม) : Management commitment and open and fair procedures.
Task and work reorganization is the most successful form of intervention. It describes various system solutions to improve communication, the creation of autonomous work groups and whole-organization interventions to restructure relations between management and unions. These interventions do not obviate the need for individual support, but follow an earlier stage of raising staff awareness of stress and its causes.