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it would seem to indicate that Bangkok school children are at an elevated risk for development of diseases such as cancer.
Variations in the susceptibility to chemical-inducedmutagenic or carcinogenic activity in different individu- als may partly be explained by differences in the activity of enzymes responsible for the metabolic activation or detoxification of these toxicants. Factors likely to influ- ence an individual’s susceptibility to the carcinogenic effects of PAHs include polymorphisms in genes encod- ing enzymes participating in the metabolism of the PAHs involved in the formation of reactive intermediates and their detoxification through conjugation and excretion. CYP1A1 is a key enzyme in the metabolic activation of PAHs, such as B[a]P. Any mutation in the CYP1A1 gene that results in a change in enzymatic activity may mean that an individual is more or less susceptible to the health risks from exposure to these PAHs (Alexandrie et al., 2000; Au et al., 1996; El-zein et al., 1997; Hung et al.,
2003). GSTs are involved in the metabolic detoxification of PAHs and play an important role in protecting DNA against damage and adduct formation (Ryberg et al., 1997). Polymorphisms of the GSTT1 andGSTM1 genes, caused by deletions and resulting in thenull-genotypes, lead to a virtual absence of enzymatic activity, thereby indicating a possibly increased risk in these individu- als of developing health effects as a result of exposure to PAHs (Geisler and Olshan, 2001; Park et al., 2002). However, in this study, no significant effect of genetic polymorphisms on adduct levels was observed. We are aware that this is a relatively small study, but the indi- cation is that there seems to be no effect of genetic polymorphisms of metabolizing enzymes on biomarker levels at the exposure concentrations observed in this study. Additional studies involving larger numbers of study subjects may be needed to confirm this finding.
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