Brammer et al., (2005) examined the relationship between CSP and stock returns in UK using a set of disaggregated social performance indicators for environment, employment and community activities. Results indicated significant negative interaction of CSR cores with stock returns. Further, the poor financial reward offered by such firms was attributable to their good social performance on the employment and, to a lesser extent, the environmental aspects. The study also found that considerable abnormal returns were available from holding a portfolio of the socially least desirable stocks. These relationships between social and financial performance cannot be rationalised by multi-factor models for explaining the cross-sectional variation in returns or by industry effects.