which confirms that there is transb

which confirms that there is transboundary disease transmission from
neighbouring countries (7).
Beneshangul Gumuz state and the Western Wollega zone of Oromia
state lie on the border between Ethiopia and Sudan and it is possible
for animals to cross in both directions. There is a wide distribution of
wildlife in the area, so contact with livestock is common and frequent
outbreaks are reported. These border regions of the country have the
potential to become livestock production areas but, with the exception
of a few reports on the disease (18), there is no information on the
epidemiology of FMD or on its risk factors. Therefore, the objective
of this study was to determine risk factors for the disease and its
seroprevalence at animal and herd level in cattle, sheep and goats in
selected districts of the Western Wollega and Kelem Wollega zones of
Oromia (one from each zone) and four districts of Beneshangul
Gumuz.
Materials and methods
Description of study area
The study was conducted in two regional states of Ethiopia: Oromia
and Beneshangul Gumuz, which are located in the west of the country.
In Oromia, the study area included two administrative zones, namely
Western Wollega and Kelem Wollega zones, which are located in the
west of Oromia. The study area is located between latitude 8º12′–
10º03′ N and longitude 34º08′–36º10′ E. The altitude ranges from
500 m to 2,576 m above sea level (asl). Annual temperature in the
area varies from 15ºC to 25ºC. Broadleaf forest, grasslands and
wetland (marshes and swamps) are the most common type of
vegetation in Western Wollega and Kelem Wollega. The mean annual
rainfall of the area ranges from 1,200 mm to 2,000 mm. Maize,
sorghum, teff, finger millet (dagusa) and wheat are commonly
produced crops, while coffee is the most highly cultivated cash crop in
the area. One district was included from each zone: Begi district in
Western Wollega and Gidami district in Kelem Wollega. The districts
chosen were districts that were easily accessible by road, had a history

Results (Indonesian) 1:

yang menegaskan bahwa ada penularan penyakit lintas batas darinegara-negara tetangga (7).Beneshangul Gumuz negara dan zona Barat Wollega Oromianegara terletak di perbatasan antara Etiopia dan Sudan dan mukauntuk hewan untuk menyeberang di kedua arah. Terdapat distribusi yang luassatwa liar di daerah, sehingga kontak dengan ternak Umum dan seringwabah yang dilaporkan. Ini daerah perbatasan negara memilikipotensi untuk menjadi wilayah produksi ternak tetapi, dengan pengecualianbeberapa laporan pada penyakit (18), ada tidak ada informasi padaepidemiologi PMK atau faktor-faktor risiko. Oleh karena itu, tujuanstudi ini adalah untuk menentukan faktor risiko untuk penyakit danseroprevalence pada tingkat hewan dan kawanan ternak, domba dan kambing dalamKabupaten-kabupaten Terpilih zona Barat Wollega dan Kelem WollegaOromia (satu dari masing-masing zona) beserta empat Kabupaten dari BeneshangulGumuz.Bahan dan metodeDeskripsi studi.Penelitian dilakukan di dua daerah negara Etiopia: Oromiadan Beneshangul Gumuz, yang terletak di bagian barat negara.Di Oromia, daerah studi termasuk dua zona administratif, yakniZona Barat Wollega dan Kelem Wollega, yang terletak diBarat Oromia. Area studi terletak antara lintang 8º12′-10º03′ N dan bujur 34º08′-36º10′ E. Ketinggian berkisar500 m 2.576 m di atas permukaan laut (dpl). Suhu tahunandaerah bervariasi dari 15ºC hingga 25ºC. Berdaun lebar hutan, padang rumput danlahan basah (rawa dan rawa-rawa) adalah jenis yang paling umumvegetasi di Barat Wollega dan Kelem Wollega. Rata-rata tahunancurah hujan daerah berkisar 1.200 mm untuk 2.000 mm. jagung,sorgum, teff, milet (dagusa) dan gandum yang seringdihasilkan tanaman, sedangkan kopi adalah tanaman kas yang paling sangat dibudidayakan didaerah. Satu distrik ini disertakan dari setiap zona: awal & KecamatanDistrik Wollega Barat dan Gidami di Kelem Wollega. Distrikdipilih adalah daerah yang mudah diakses melalui jalan darat, memiliki sejarah