2.1 Inflation targeting in developed countries
Walsh (2009) proved that inflation targeting has improved macroeconomic performance in developed, developing and emerging economies.
Mishkin and Schmidt-Hebbel (2007) explored whether inflation targeting
make a difference or not. Their evidence proved that inflation targeting
has improved overall economic performance: lower inflation rate in the
long-run, smaller inflation response to oil price and exchange rate shocks,
strengthened monetary policy independence and improved monetary
policy efficiency. On the other hand, their results do not confirm that inflation targeting supports monetary policy performance. Roger and Stone
(2005) found that the central banks of 22 industrial and emerging market countries missed their inflation targets in a range of 30% to 60% in
countries with both stable inflation and disinflation, respectively. Albagli
and Schmidt-Hebbel (2004) found several measures such as institutional
and policy weakness, lack of central bank independence and high country risk-premium contribute notably to inflation target misses. Gosselin
(2007) extended the work of Albagli and Schmidt-Hebbel (2004) in order
to understand the factors affecting the deviation of the inflation rate from
its target. He found that exchange rate movements, fiscal deficits and
differences in financial sector development can explain this deviation. In
addition, he found that higher inflation target and wider inflation control
range are associated with more fluctuation in inflation rate and output.
Moreover, Vega and Winkelried (2005) estimated the effect of inflation
targeting implementation over inflation dynamics. They concluded that
inflation targeting helps to reduce the level and the volatility of the inflation rate. Likewise, Hyvonen (2004) explored the convergence of inflation
rates in a sample of OECD countries. He concluded that inflation targeting policy improves the function of monetary policy and reduces the level
of inflation rate in his sample. In a recent study, Fouejieu and Roger (2013)
found that inflation targeting reduces the country risk premium. Contrary to previous studies, Ball and Sheridan (2005) got different empirical results. Their study is one of the few that criticize inflation targeting
policy. They found no evidence that inflation targeting makes a difference
in industrial countries. It follows that inflation targeting does not improve