The ancient farmers of Huantai County in Shandong excavated transverse galleries along the Wuhe
River during the Qing Dynasty. The device was made up of the river, a transverse gallery, a shaft and a manual lifting device (Fig. 3). Shafts were usually excavated at a depth of 7~8 m below the surface and the length of the transverse gallery could stretch several kilometers. There was a shaft every 30 m, which was convenient for construction and lifting. Groundwater was recharged by diverting river water during flood seasons. So then, the water table rose quickly. At that time it was a perfect groundwater recharge project with a much higher efficiency of infiltration than any other structure (Yongchun Wei et al., 1979).