Results (
Thai) 1: 
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The cohort assessed in this study is comprised of the women who were randomised to the control group or Standard Care Group of the LIMIT trial. Routine antenatal care of a woman who is diagnosed with GDM includes education by a midwife or diabetic educator regarding diet, home monitoring of blood sugar levels, and referral for treatment as needed [33]. Blood sugar monitoring is initially four times per day aiming for blood glucose between 3.5 and 5.5 mmol/L fasting and 4–7 mmol/L two hours after a meal. If good control is achieved then testing may be reduced. Medical treatment is considered if fasting values are ≥5.5 mmol/L once or more per week, or if postprandial values are ≥7.5 mmol/L twice or more per week. It is routine care to plan for delivery at 38 + 0 weeks in women with poor glycaemic control, polyhydramnios or suspected macrosomia, and at term in women with no spontaneous onset of labour [33].Clinical outcomes considered included pre-eclampsia (in accordance with recognised Australasian Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy criteria) [34]; need for induction of labour; caesarean birth; infant macrosomia (defined as birth weight above 4000 g); gestational age at birth; large for gestational age (defined as infant birth weight ≥90% for gestational age); and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit. Outcomes were abstracted from the woman and infant's case notes after birth by a research assistant.Statistical analyses were performed with the use of SAS software, version 9.3 (Cary, NC, USA), to evaluate the proportion of women with and without GDM, and the proportion of women experiencing each clinical outcome of interest by both BMI category and presence or absence of GDM. The effect of BMI category (overweight or obese) on GDM, and the effect of both BMI and GDM on each clinical outcome, was assessed using log binomial regression models. Results are presented as relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals. Where there was no significant interaction identified between BMI and GDM on the outcomes considered, the interaction term was removed from the model and the overall effect of BMI and GDM on the risk of each outcome was estimated. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance (2-sided).
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