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A process called SART (Sulphidization–Acidification–Recycle– Thickening) that was developed by Lakefield and Tech in Canada in early 2000s uses a reagent such as sodium hydrosulphide (NaHS) to precipitate copper and zinc as sulphides and convert cyanide to HCN (Alta Metallurgical Services, Australia, 2012). The and recycled back to the leaching process to re-use the cyanide. Telfer Gold Mine in a remote location of Western Australia investigated SART as a cost-effective process to recover copper and cyanide (SGS Technical Bulletin, 2001). At the mine, the oxide gold ore was treated in a conventional CIL circuit by blending the low and high grade copper ores to minimize cyanide consumption and allow smooth operation. The sulphide ore was treated through a flotation circuit to produce pyrite and copper concentrates. Because of economical and environmental reasons, it was desirable to reduce the amount of cyanide reporting to the tailings pond. The resulting slurry, containing copper as copper sulphide precipitate and cyanide as HCN in solution, was fed to the SART thickener where they were separated. The process involved in sulphidization and acidification reactions was presented below:
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