Caries and gingivitis/periodontitis are plaque-dependent oral
pathologies while dental plaque is a bacterial biofilm. As a consequence
to pathogens that cause oral diseases, people should always
engage in regular oral hygiene practices, especially brushing with
toothpastes, or rinsing with mouthwashes. Brushing, a common
physical method of biofilm removal is practically important but
sometimes difficult to perform as it requires reasonable control,
time, motivation and manual dexterity (Batista et al., 2014).