The present experiment was aimed at

The present experiment was aimed at examining the ameliorative effect of foliar-applied glycine betaine (50 mM GB) and glycine betaine containing
sugarbeet extract (50 mMGB) on various physiological and biochemical attributes of okra plants under salt stress. The experiment comprised of two okra
cultivars (Arka-anamika and Sabaz-pari), two salt levels (0 and 150 mMNaCl), and two GB sources (synthetic pure GB and sugarbeet extract) arranged
in four replicates. Salt stress significantly suppressed the biomass production, yield, and different gas exchange attributes (A, E, Ci, and gs). Glycine
betaine and proline contents in leaves, and Na+ and Cl− contents in both leaves and roots increased, while K+ and Ca2+ contents and K+/Na+ ratios
decreased significantly. Foliar application of both pure GB and sugarbeet extract significantly reduced the adverse effects of salt stress on plant biomass
production, plant yield, various gas exchange characteristics and leaf K+, Ca2+, Cl− and Na+ contents. However, GB and sugarbeet extract showed
differential effects on A, gs, E, Ci, Ci/Ca ratio, leaf K+, Ca2+, and Cl− contents, and K+/Na+ ratio. Pure GB proved better than the sugarbeet extract in
improving growth, while the reverse was true for plant yield under salt stress. However, with respect to different gas exchange attributes both GB and
sugarbeet extract were found to be equally effective in reducing the adverse effects of salt stress on these photosynthetic attributes. Foliar-applied
sugarbeet extract was found to be more effective as compared to pure GB in reducing the adverse effects of salt stress on K+ and Ca2+ uptake and K+/Na+
ratio in shoot and root of both okra cultivars. Thus, sugarbeet extract could be used to induce salt tolerance in economically important crop plants.
© 2012 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Glycine betaine; Okra; Photosynthesis; Salinity; Sugarbeet extract

Results (Indonesian) 1:

The present experiment was aimed at examining the ameliorative effect of foliar-applied glycine betaine (50 mM GB) and glycine betaine containingsugarbeet extract (50 mMGB) on various physiological and biochemical attributes of okra plants under salt stress. The experiment comprised of two okracultivars (Arka-anamika and Sabaz-pari), two salt levels (0 and 150 mMNaCl), and two GB sources (synthetic pure GB and sugarbeet extract) arrangedin four replicates. Salt stress significantly suppressed the biomass production, yield, and different gas exchange attributes (A, E, Ci, and gs). Glycinebetaine and proline contents in leaves, and Na+ and Cl− contents in both leaves and roots increased, while K+ and Ca2+ contents and K+/Na+ ratiosdecreased significantly. Foliar application of both pure GB and sugarbeet extract significantly reduced the adverse effects of salt stress on plant biomassproduction, plant yield, various gas exchange characteristics and leaf K+, Ca2+, Cl− and Na+ contents. However, GB and sugarbeet extract showeddifferential effects on A, gs, E, Ci, Ci/Ca ratio, leaf K+, Ca2+, and Cl− contents, and K+/Na+ ratio. Pure GB proved better than the sugarbeet extract inimproving growth, while the reverse was true for plant yield under salt stress. However, with respect to different gas exchange attributes both GB andsugarbeet extract were found to be equally effective in reducing the adverse effects of salt stress on these photosynthetic attributes. Foliar-appliedekstrak napus ditemukan untuk menjadi lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan murni GB dalam mengurangi efek stres garam pada penyerapan K + dan Ca2 + dan K / Na +rasio menembak dan akar kultivar okra kedua. Dengan demikian, ekstrak napus dapat digunakan untuk menginduksi toleransi garam dalam tanaman tanaman ekonomis penting.© 2012 SAAB. Diterbitkan oleh Elsevier BV Semua Hak, milik.Kata kunci: Glisin betaine; Okra; Fotosintesis; Salinitas; Ekstrak napus

Results (Indonesian) 2:

Percobaan ini bertujuan untuk memeriksa efek bersifat memperbaiki dari daun-diterapkan glisin betain (50 mM GB) dan glisin betain yang mengandung
ekstrak sugarbeet (50 mMGB) pada berbagai atribut fisiologis dan biokimia tanaman okra di bawah stres garam. Percobaan terdiri dari dua okra
kultivar (Arka-anamika dan Sabaz-pari), dua tingkat garam (0 dan 150 mMNaCl), dan dua sumber GB (sintetis murni GB dan sugarbeet ekstrak) diatur
dalam empat ulangan. Stres garam secara signifikan menekan produksi biomassa, hasil, dan atribut pertukaran gas yang berbeda (A, E, Ci, dan gs). Glycine
betaine dan isi prolin daun, dan isi Na + dan Cl- di kedua daun dan akar meningkat, sementara K + dan Ca2 + isi dan K + / Na + rasio
menurun secara signifikan.
Aplikasi daun dari kedua murni ekstrak GB dan sugarbeet secara signifikan mengurangi efek buruk dari stres garam pada biomassa tanaman produksi, hasil tanaman, berbagai karakteristik pertukaran gas dan daun K +, Ca2 +, Cl- dan isi Na +. Namun, GB dan ekstrak sugarbeet menunjukkan
efek yang berbeda pada A, gs, E, rasio Ci, Ci / Ca, daun K +, Ca2 +, dan isi Cl-, dan K + / Na + rasio. Pure GB terbukti lebih baik daripada ekstrak sugarbeet di
meningkatkan pertumbuhan, sedangkan sebaliknya adalah benar untuk hasil tanaman di bawah stres garam. Namun, sehubungan dengan pertukaran gas yang berbeda atribut baik GB dan
ekstrak sugarbeet ditemukan sama-sama efektif dalam mengurangi dampak buruk dari stres garam pada atribut-atribut fotosintesis.
Daun-diterapkan ekstrak sugarbeet ditemukan untuk menjadi lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan murni GB dalam mengurangi dampak buruk dari stres garam di K + dan Ca2 + serapan dan K + / Na +
rasio di pucuk dan akar dari kedua kultivar okra. Dengan demikian, Ekstrak sugarbeet dapat digunakan untuk menginduksi toleransi garam dalam tanaman ekonomis penting.
© 2012 SAAB. Diterbitkan oleh Elsevier All rights reserved.
Kata kunci: betaine Glycine; Okra; Fotosintesis; Salinitas; ekstrak Sugarbeet Fotosintesis; Salinitas; ekstrak Sugarbeet Fotosintesis; Salinitas; ekstrak Sugarbeet