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ความต้องการใช้เงินในแง่จริงมุ่งเน้นไปที่ผลงานการตัดสินใจว่าบุคคลที่ทำในแง่ของสินทรัพย์ที่ถืออยู่ในรูปแบบของเงินเมื่อเทียบกับประเภทอื่น ๆ ของหลักทรัพย์ เพื่อแสดงให้เห็นการตัดสินใจจัดสรรผลงานนี้เราสมมติเพื่อความง่ายว่ามีสองสินทรัพย์ว่าบุคคลที่สามารถถือ The demand for money in real terms focuses on the portfolio decision that individuals
make in terms of holding assets in the form of money versus other types of
securities. To illustrate this portfolio allocation decision, we assume, for simplicity,
that there are two assets that individuals can hold. The first is a liquid asset,
money (currency and checkable or demand deposits), which pays them no interest.
The second asset is illiquid and represents all other financial assets. For simplicity,
we term this asset a government bond, which pays a positive interest rate, r.32
Individuals hold money because it is liquid and enables them to engage in market
transactions. Bonds are less liquid because they cannot immediately be used
for market transactions, but they pay a positive rate of return. Thus, the interest
rate represents the opportunity cost of holding assets in the form of money.33 At
higher interest rates, individuals will hold fewer assets in the form of money orwill demand a smaller quantity of money because they do not want to sacrifice the
interest they could earn on the bonds. At lower interest rates, the opportunity cost
of holding money is less, so a larger quantity of money will be demanded. Thus, as
shown in Equation 13.4, the quantity of money demanded and the interest rate are
inversely related.
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