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“Christendom” and EuropeThe actual word, Europe, has a long history, stretching back to ancient times, involvinga subtle and complex symbolism. “Christendom” was a more common expression fromthe early Middle Ages up to the seventeenth century, but, as the eighteenth centuryprogressed, “Europe” gradually replaced “Christendom.” The earlier term was foundunsatisfactory for several reasons, probably most important being the disgust felt byinfluential European elites for the catastrophic wars of religion in the seventeenth century.That sentiment blended with their growing admiration for the tolerant and sophisticatedvalues of the pre-Christian civilizations of Greece and Rome. Those intellectualelites differed about which qualities were most characteristically European, but theynonetheless felt a growing sense of common identity, by the eighteenth century, thatextended beyond Christian faith.
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