and others who defined politics and administration as the distribution  translation - and others who defined politics and administration as the distribution  Indonesian how to say

and others who defined politics and

and others who defined politics and administration as the distribution of values,
costs, and benefits. Politicians and bureaucrats both participate in this process of
distribution, and in it administrators have extensive opportunities to “set pol-icy-initiating proposals, exercising discretion, writing budgets, and determining
the delivery of services—and through implementation they shape policy formu-lated by elected officials” (Svara , ). The upper arc of the curved line rep-resents the vast expanse of bureaucratic power in policymaking, or, put another
way, the absence of political control in bureaucracy. The lower portion of the
curved line indicates the incursion of politics into various limited matters of ad-ministration, a form of control over bureaucracy particularly associated with the
delivery of a particular service, the letting of certain purchase or capital construc-tion contracts, or the making of certain administrative appointments. The mixture
in policy model of council-manager government has a considerable empirical warrant and fairly represents the common pattern of bureaucratic control in the classic
council-manager city setting (Frederickson, Johnson, and Wood ).
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and others who defined politics and administration as the distribution of values,costs, and benefits. Politicians and bureaucrats both participate in this process ofdistribution, and in it administrators have extensive opportunities to “set pol-icy-initiating proposals, exercising discretion, writing budgets, and determiningthe delivery of services—and through implementation they shape policy formu-lated by elected officials” (Svara , ). The upper arc of the curved line rep-resents the vast expanse of bureaucratic power in policymaking, or, put anotherway, the absence of political control in bureaucracy. The lower portion of thecurved line indicates the incursion of politics into various limited matters of ad-ministration, a form of control over bureaucracy particularly associated with thedelivery of a particular service, the letting of certain purchase or capital construc-tion contracts, or the making of certain administrative appointments. The mixturein policy model of council-manager government has a considerable empirical warrant and fairly represents the common pattern of bureaucratic control in the classiccouncil-manager city setting (Frederickson, Johnson, and Wood ).
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dan lain-lain yang de fi politik ned dan administrasi sebagai distribusi nilai,
biaya, dan manfaat. Politisi dan birokrat baik berpartisipasi dalam proses
distribusi, dan di dalamnya administrator memiliki kesempatan yang luas untuk "mengatur pol-es-memulai proposal, berolahraga kebijaksanaan, menulis anggaran, dan menentukan
pemberian pelayanan-dan melalui implementasi mereka membentuk kebijakan formu-lated oleh terpilih o pejabat FFI "(Svara , ). Busur atas dari garis melengkung rep-membenci hamparan luas kekuasaan birokrasi dalam pembuatan kebijakan, atau, dengan kata lain
cara, tidak adanya kontrol politik dalam birokrasi. Bagian bawah dari
garis melengkung menunjukkan serangan politik ke dalam berbagai hal terbatas ad-ministrasi, suatu bentuk kontrol atas birokrasi khususnya yang berkaitan dengan
pengiriman layanan tertentu, yang membiarkan pembelian tertentu atau kontrak modal construc-tion, atau pembuatan janji administrasi tertentu. Campuran
dalam model kebijakan pemerintah dewan-manajer memiliki surat perintah empiris yang cukup besar dan cukup mewakili pola umum dari kontrol birokrasi di klasik
dewan-manajer pengaturan kota (Frederickson, Johnson, dan Kayu ).
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