However, counterfeiting does have its down sides, as some missed sales and lost tax revenues are inevitable.Vithlani (1998) says that "First of all, industries which find themselves in direct competition with counterfeiters suffer adirect loss in sales. In addition, consumers who are deceived into believing that they bought a genuine article when it wasin fact a fake, blame the manufacturer of the genuine product when it fails, creating a loss of goodwill. Thirdly, besidedirect losses of sales and goodwill, one should not forget the expenditure involved in protecting and enforcing intellectual property rights". Below highlighted are the major impacts that relevant stakeholders face due to counterfeiting: