2. Managing dual loyalties‘In practice… health professionals often hav translation - 2. Managing dual loyalties‘In practice… health professionals often hav Indonesian how to say

2. Managing dual loyalties‘In pract

2. Managing dual loyalties
‘In practice… health professionals often have obligations to other parties besides their patients… that may conflict with undivided devotion to the patient.’
International Dual Loyalty Working Group
What are dual loyalties?
‘Dual loyalties’, or ‘dual obligations’, refer to the conflicting demands placed on doctors who have direct obligations to their patients as well as to a third party. Doctors in the armed forces can at times be required to balance conflicting, and sometimes irreconcilable, obligations or loyalties.
Doctors’ professional and ethical duties require them to preserve life, care for the sick and wounded, and reduce suffering. As military personnel, part of their role is to support those non-medical military colleagues whose function involves attacking and inflicting harm on the enemy. Circumstances can therefore arise where doctors come under pressure to prioritise their obligations or loyalties to the military over their ethical duties.
8 | Ethical decision-making for doctors in the armed forces: a tool kit
Examples of dual loyalties in practice
Triaging enemy, civilian, coalition and UK casualties
At the British field hospital in Afghanistan, casualties are treated solely on the basis of their clinical need. Injured suspected insurgents are, for example, treated ahead of British casualties if their condition is more urgent. The principles of triage are clear. Doctors may nevertheless find themselves under moral pressure from colleagues, or their own sense of loyalty, to prioritise the treatment of their friends and colleagues over civilians and the enemy. These feelings are of course entirely natural but, if allowed to prevail, they could lead to objectively unethical decisions. Only by recognising and acknowledging such feelings can doctors hope to set them aside where it becomes necessary to do so.
Duty of care under fire
The principle of care under fire may require medical military personnel to use their weapons alongside non-medical colleagues, in order to meet their responsibility to protect their patients. Ministry of Defence doctrine, in line with
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2. Managing dual loyalties‘In practice… health professionals often have obligations to other parties besides their patients… that may conflict with undivided devotion to the patient.’International Dual Loyalty Working GroupWhat are dual loyalties?‘Dual loyalties’, or ‘dual obligations’, refer to the conflicting demands placed on doctors who have direct obligations to their patients as well as to a third party. Doctors in the armed forces can at times be required to balance conflicting, and sometimes irreconcilable, obligations or loyalties.Doctors’ professional and ethical duties require them to preserve life, care for the sick and wounded, and reduce suffering. As military personnel, part of their role is to support those non-medical military colleagues whose function involves attacking and inflicting harm on the enemy. Circumstances can therefore arise where doctors come under pressure to prioritise their obligations or loyalties to the military over their ethical duties.8 | Ethical decision-making for doctors in the armed forces: a tool kitExamples of dual loyalties in practiceTriaging enemy, civilian, coalition and UK casualtiesAt the British field hospital in Afghanistan, casualties are treated solely on the basis of their clinical need. Injured suspected insurgents are, for example, treated ahead of British casualties if their condition is more urgent. The principles of triage are clear. Doctors may nevertheless find themselves under moral pressure from colleagues, or their own sense of loyalty, to prioritise the treatment of their friends and colleagues over civilians and the enemy. These feelings are of course entirely natural but, if allowed to prevail, they could lead to objectively unethical decisions. Only by recognising and acknowledging such feelings can doctors hope to set them aside where it becomes necessary to do so.Duty of care under fireThe principle of care under fire may require medical military personnel to use their weapons alongside non-medical colleagues, in order to meet their responsibility to protect their patients. Ministry of Defence doctrine, in line with
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2 Mengelola loyalitas ganda
'Dalam prakteknya ... profesional kesehatan sering memiliki kewajiban kepada pihak lain selain pasien mereka ... yang mungkin bertentangan dengan pengabdian penuh untuk pasien. "
Loyalitas International Ganda Kelompok Kerja
Apa loyalitas ganda?
'loyalitas ganda', atau 'ganda kewajiban ', merujuk pada tuntutan yang bertentangan ditempatkan pada dokter yang memiliki kewajiban langsung kepada pasien mereka serta kepada pihak ketiga. Dokter di angkatan bersenjata dapat di kali diminta untuk menyeimbangkan bertentangan, dan kadang-kadang tidak dapat didamaikan, kewajiban atau kesetiaan.
tugas profesional dan etika Dokter mengharuskan mereka untuk mempertahankan hidup, merawat orang sakit dan terluka, dan mengurangi penderitaan. Sebagai personil militer, bagian dari peran mereka adalah untuk mendukung mereka rekan-rekan militer non-medis yang fungsinya melibatkan menyerang dan menimbulkan kerugian pada musuh. Keadaan karena itu dapat timbul di mana dokter berada di bawah tekanan untuk memprioritaskan kewajiban atau loyalitas mereka kepada militer alih tugas etis mereka.
8 | Etis untuk dokter di angkatan bersenjata pengambilan keputusan: a tool kit
Contoh loyalitas ganda dalam praktek
mendahulukan musuh, sipil, koalisi dan Inggris korban
Di rumah sakit lapangan Inggris di Afghanistan, korban diperlakukan semata-mata atas dasar kebutuhan klinis mereka. Terluka diduga pemberontak, misalnya, diperlakukan depan korban Inggris jika kondisi mereka lebih mendesak. Prinsip-prinsip triase jelas. Dokter mungkin tetap menemukan diri mereka di bawah tekanan moral rekan, atau rasa mereka sendiri dari kesetiaan, untuk memprioritaskan pengobatan teman dan kolega mereka atas warga sipil dan musuh. Perasaan ini tentu saja sepenuhnya alami tetapi, jika diizinkan untuk menang, mereka bisa menghasilkan keputusan yang obyektif tidak etis. Hanya dengan mengakui dan mengakui perasaan seperti itu dapat dokter berharap untuk meletakkannya ke samping di mana menjadi perlu untuk melakukannya.
Tugas perawatan di bawah api
Prinsip perawatan di bawah api mungkin memerlukan personil militer medis untuk menggunakan senjata mereka bersama rekan-rekan non-medis, dalam rangka untuk memenuhi tanggung jawab mereka untuk melindungi pasien mereka. Departemen Pertahanan doktrin, sejalan dengan
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