Groundwater management in HCMC has still been weak due to the following reasons (Nga ,2006): (i) lack of human and financial resources for control and management of ground water exploitation; (ii) weak coordination between relative departments such as DONRE, DI, DARD and DTPW; and (iii) lack of economic instruments for controlled groundwater exploitation (e.g. groundwater exploitation fee, regulations on limitation/prohibition of groundwater exploitation).