For example, if cell x flows to the left in the matrix, its flow direc translation - For example, if cell x flows to the left in the matrix, its flow direc Indonesian how to say

For example, if cell x flows to the

For example, if cell x flows to the left in the matrix, its flow direction
will be encoded as a 32. Flow direction encoding is done in powers
of two so that surround conditions correspond to unique values when
the powers of two are summed for any unique set of neighbors.
There are four possible conditions to consider in determining flow
direction (Table 4). Condition 1 occurs when all eight neighboring
cells have elevations higher than center cell. The flow direction will
be encoded as negative for such a cell, indicating an undefined flow
direction. Condition 1 cells are single-cell depressions. They will
not be present after the first step of the depression-filling procedure
but are included in the flow direction procedure for completeness.
Condition 2 is the case where the distance-weighted drop from the
center cell is higher for one cell in the neighborhood over all of the
other seven and the flow direction is assigned to this cell. Distanceweighted
drop is calculated by subtracting the neighbor’s value from
the center cell’s value and dividing by the distance from the center
cell, √2 for a corner cell and one for a noncorner cell. Most cells are
condition 2 cells. For condition 3, when two or more cells are equal
in having the greatest distance-weighted drop, the flow direction is
assigned logically using a table look-up operation. For example, if
three adjacent cells along one edge of the neighborhood have equal
drops, the center cell is logically chosen and assigned as the flow
direction. If two cells on opposite sides have equal drops, as in Table
4, condition 3, one is arbitrarily chosen. When all cells are equal or
greater in elevation compared to the center cell, as in condition 4,
determining the flow direction is the most time consuming. In this
case, the cell is located in a flat area and the direction to the outflowpoint
is not known. After cells with the first, second, and third
conditions are resolved, the fourth condition cells are resolved in an
iterative process. In each iteration, cells are assigned to flow to a
neighbor if the neighbor has a defined flow direction that does not
point back to the tested cell. In this way, flow direction assignments
iteratively grow into the flat area from the flats’ outflow points until
all cells have flow directions assigned.
The flow direction concept has been employed by both Marks et al.
(1984) and O’ Callaghan and Mark (1984). However, neither
included logic for condition 3 cells or extended the technique beyond
the neighborhood operation to solve for condition 4 cells. When the
flow direction procedure is applied to a depressionless DEM, all cells
will have a definable flow direction value because, by filling
depressions, the DEM is conditioned so that every cell has a flow
path to the data set edge. The flow direction is illustrated
numerically in Table 2c, and visually in Plate 1b.
FLOW ACCUMULATION DATA SET
The third procedure of the conditioning phase makes use of the flow
direction data set to create the flow accumulation data set, where each
cell is assigned a value equal to the number of cells that flow to it
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For example, if cell x flows to the left in the matrix, its flow directionwill be encoded as a 32. Flow direction encoding is done in powersof two so that surround conditions correspond to unique values whenthe powers of two are summed for any unique set of neighbors.There are four possible conditions to consider in determining flowdirection (Table 4). Condition 1 occurs when all eight neighboringcells have elevations higher than center cell. The flow direction willbe encoded as negative for such a cell, indicating an undefined flowdirection. Condition 1 cells are single-cell depressions. They willnot be present after the first step of the depression-filling procedurebut are included in the flow direction procedure for completeness.Condition 2 is the case where the distance-weighted drop from thecenter cell is higher for one cell in the neighborhood over all of theother seven and the flow direction is assigned to this cell. Distanceweighteddrop is calculated by subtracting the neighbor’s value fromthe center cell’s value and dividing by the distance from the centercell, √2 for a corner cell and one for a noncorner cell. Most cells arecondition 2 cells. For condition 3, when two or more cells are equalin having the greatest distance-weighted drop, the flow direction isassigned logically using a table look-up operation. For example, ifthree adjacent cells along one edge of the neighborhood have equaldrops, the center cell is logically chosen and assigned as the flow
direction. If two cells on opposite sides have equal drops, as in Table
4, condition 3, one is arbitrarily chosen. When all cells are equal or
greater in elevation compared to the center cell, as in condition 4,
determining the flow direction is the most time consuming. In this
case, the cell is located in a flat area and the direction to the outflowpoint
is not known. After cells with the first, second, and third
conditions are resolved, the fourth condition cells are resolved in an
iterative process. In each iteration, cells are assigned to flow to a
neighbor if the neighbor has a defined flow direction that does not
point back to the tested cell. In this way, flow direction assignments
iteratively grow into the flat area from the flats’ outflow points until
all cells have flow directions assigned.
The flow direction concept has been employed by both Marks et al.
(1984) and O’ Callaghan and Mark (1984). However, neither
included logic for condition 3 cells or extended the technique beyond
the neighborhood operation to solve for condition 4 cells. When the
flow direction procedure is applied to a depressionless DEM, all cells
will have a definable flow direction value because, by filling
depressions, the DEM is conditioned so that every cell has a flow
path to the data set edge. The flow direction is illustrated
numerically in Table 2c, and visually in Plate 1b.
FLOW ACCUMULATION DATA SET
The third procedure of the conditioning phase makes use of the flow
direction data set to create the flow accumulation data set, where each
cell is assigned a value equal to the number of cells that flow to it
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Sebagai contoh, jika sel x mengalir ke kiri dalam matriks, arah alirannya
akan dikodekan sebagai 32. Aliran arah pengkodean dilakukan dalam kekuatan
dari dua sehingga kondisi surround sesuai dengan nilai-nilai unik ketika
kekuatan dua dijumlahkan untuk setiap yang unik tetangga.
Ada empat kondisi yang mungkin perlu dipertimbangkan dalam menentukan aliran
arah (Tabel 4). Kondisi 1 terjadi ketika semua delapan tetangga
sel memiliki ketinggian lebih tinggi dari pusat sel. Arah aliran akan
dikodekan sebagai negatif bagi sel tersebut, yang menunjukkan aliran terdefinisi
arah. Kondisi 1 sel depresi-sel tunggal. Mereka akan
tidak hadir setelah langkah pertama dari prosedur depresi-mengisi
namun termasuk dalam prosedur arah aliran untuk kelengkapan.
Kondisi 2 adalah kasus di mana drop jarak tertimbang dari
sel pusat yang lebih tinggi untuk satu sel di lingkungan lebih semua
arah tujuh dan aliran lainnya ditugaskan untuk sel ini. Distanceweighted
penurunan dihitung dengan mengurangkan nilai tetangga dari
nilai tengah sel dan membaginya dengan jarak dari pusat
sel, √2 untuk sel sudut dan satu untuk sel noncorner. Kebanyakan sel
kondisi 2 sel. Untuk kondisi 3, ketika dua atau lebih sel adalah sama
dalam memiliki drop jarak tertimbang terbesar, arah aliran
ditugaskan secara logis menggunakan tabel look-up operasi. Misalnya, jika
tiga sel yang berdekatan di sepanjang salah satu tepi lingkungan memiliki sama
tetes, sel pusat secara logis dipilih dan ditetapkan sebagai aliran
arah. Jika dua sel di sisi berlawanan memiliki tetes yang sama, seperti pada Tabel
4, kondisi 3, salah satu yang sewenang-wenang dipilih. Ketika semua sel yang sama atau
lebih besar di ketinggian dibandingkan dengan sel pusat, seperti dalam kondisi 4,
menentukan arah aliran yang paling memakan waktu. Dalam hal ini
kasus, sel terletak di daerah datar dan arah ke outflowpoint yang
tidak diketahui. Setelah sel dengan yang pertama, kedua, dan ketiga
kondisi diselesaikan, sel-sel kondisi keempat diselesaikan dalam
proses berulang. Dalam setiap iterasi, sel ditugaskan mengalir ke
tetangga jika tetangga memiliki arah aliran didefinisikan yang tidak
menunjuk kembali ke sel diuji. Dengan cara ini, tugas arah aliran
iteratif tumbuh menjadi daerah datar dari flat 'poin keluar sampai
semua sel telah arah aliran ditugaskan.
Konsep arah aliran telah digunakan oleh kedua Marks et al.
(1984) dan O' Callaghan dan Mark ( 1984). Namun, baik
termasuk logika untuk kondisi 3 sel atau diperpanjang teknik luar
operasi lingkungan untuk memecahkan kondisi 4 sel. Ketika
prosedur arah aliran diterapkan untuk DEM depressionless, semua sel
akan memiliki nilai arah aliran didefinisikan karena, dengan mengisi
depresi, DEM yang dikondisikan sehingga setiap sel memiliki aliran
jalur untuk data set tepi. Arah aliran diilustrasikan
numerik pada Tabel 2c, dan visual di Lempeng 1b.
ALIRAN AKUMULASI DATA SET
Prosedur ketiga fase pengkondisian yang menggunakan aliran
data arah diatur untuk menciptakan aliran akumulasi data set, dimana setiap
sel ditugaskan nilai sama dengan jumlah sel yang mengalir ke sana
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