The conflict in Patani, or the three southernmost provinces, draws most attention to Muslim Malays, since their unique culture and identity has long been oppressed by the Thai state’s assimilation policies. Muslim Malays in Patani have also had their human rights violated by the state: from 2007 to 2013, the Muslim Attorney Centre Foundation received 3,456 complaints of human rights abuses from the Deep South. Most of these complaints involved Muslim Malays and allegations of enforced disappearances and torture in detention by state officials under the emergency decree and martial law. Muslim Malays’ everyday lives are also rife with discrimination by the state: they are stopped and searched at checkpoints, and DNA samples are arbitrarily taken and recorded by the security authorities.