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Since the 1960s, scientists have studied the application of photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) in treating olive mill wastewater, dairy wastewater, soy sauce wastewater, poultry slaughterhouse wastewater, and palm oil mill effluent wastewater (Lu et al., 2013 and Kaewsuk et al., 2010). This method showed high efficiency in the removal of COD, phosphate, nitrate, and hydrogen sulfide. In particular, PSB can convert organic carbon in wastewater into a valuable biomass.
PSB are a good source of single cell proteins, carotenoid, bacteriochlorophyll, biopolymers, antimicrobial agents, and pantothenic acid (Kuo et al., 2012). Among these valuable products from PSB, carotenoid is especially attractive. Carotenoid is lipid-soluble pigments responsible for the color of a wide variety of foods. Carotenoid is of increasing demand and has wide applications. Carotenoid has been applied to food coloring agents, precursors of vitamin A, β-carotene and astaxanthin in industry, and additives to cosmetics (Aksu and Eren, 2005). More and more research is now focusing on determining how to achieve efficient and safe carotenoid production. PSB synthesis might be the answer. Therefore, the application of PSB to treat wastewater in together with biomass recycling and carotenoid production is very attractive.
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