Alcohol consumption is responsible for about 2.7 million annual deaths and 3.9% of the global burden of disease (Figure 1).The major contributors to the alcohol-attributable disease burden are cancers, chronic liver disease, unintentional injuries, alcohol-related violence, neuropsychiatric conditions, and, in some regions (especially eastern Europe) that have a high prevalence of binge and harmful drinking, a large death toll from cardiovascular diseases.The role of alcohol consumption in injuries and violence among young adults and in nonfatal neuropsychiatric conditions makes its contribution to the disease burden larger than its contribution to mortality, relative to other risk factors for noncommunicable diseases