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Education SystemWith the growth of the Korean economy in the second half of the twentieth century came a period of rapidly increasing access to educational opportunities through the 1960s and 1970s. From 1945 to 1970, the number of children attending primary school rose from 1.4 million to 5.7 million; at the high school level between 1945 and 1990, enrollments grew from 40,000 to 2.3 million; while at the university level student numbers have grown from under 8,000 in 1945 to approximately 3.3 million today.This rapid expansion of the education system led to overcrowding, teacher shortages and intense competition for university places. To address these problems, teacher education was reformed and upgraded, entrance examinations between school levels abolished, junior colleges and correspondence schools created, and the college entrance examination was standardized in an effort to normalize high school education. From 1985, after the creation of the Commission for Educational Reform, the emphasis of education policy has been on improving infrastructure, teaching and curriculum standards, and the promotion of science education.Judging by the performance of Korean students in international benchmarking testing (see introduction), the reforms of the 1980s and 1990s have been highly successful. At the tertiary level, Korea’s institutions are less competitive on an international basis, but are still among the best in the Asia-Pacific region, according to various global rankings of the world’s universities.
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