Leaders and managers often make the mistake of supposing that tools and techniques can deliver this profound shift in thinking; especially when, for example, consultants teach ‘lean’ as a collection of techniques—kanban, kaizen, TQM, Five S, Six Sigma. Yet such ‘tools’ are only the outward manifestation of the underlying systems logic, developed to solve system problems. But unfortunately they can be, and often are, used in a non-systems way as just another means of control. Tools are the least important element in systems thinking (and it may be better to avoid the term altogether—see Seddon, 2003); the most important part is understanding of the organization as a system and thinking in terms of systemic cause and effect. At this point managers can ‘pull’ together a number of useful learning aids according to the context and circumstances.