than Athens, but from about 450 B.C. on they began to travel to Athens translation - than Athens, but from about 450 B.C. on they began to travel to Athens Indonesian how to say

than Athens, but from about 450 B.C

than Athens, but from about 450 B.C. on they began to travel to Athens,
which was then at the height of its material prosperity, to search for pupils
who could pay the hefty prices the sophists charged for their instruction.
Wealthy young men flocked to the dazzling demonstrations that these itinerant
teachers put on to showcase their ability to speak persuasively, an
ability that they claimed to be able to impart to students. The sophists were
offering just what every ambitious young man wanted to learn because the
greatest single skill that a man in democratic Athens could possess was to
be able to persuade his fellow citizens in the debates of the assembly and
the council or in lawsuits before large juries. For those unwilling or unable
to master the new rhetorical skills of sophistry, the sophists (for stiff fees)
would compose speeches to be delivered by the purchaser as his own composition.
The overwhelming importance of persuasive speech in an oral
culture like that of ancient Greece made the sophists frightening figures to
many, for the new teachers offered an escalation of the power of speech
that seemed potentially destabilizing to political and social traditions.
The most famous sophist was Protagoras, a contemporary of Pericles
from Abdera in northern Greece. Protagoras emigrated to Athens around
450 B.c., when he was about forty, and spent most of his career there. His
oratorical ability and his upright character so impressed the men of Athens
that they chose him to devise a code of laws for a new colony to be founded
in Thurii in southern Italy in 444 B.C. Some of Protagoras's ideas eventually
aroused considerable controversy. One was his agnostic position concerning
the gods: "Whether the gods exist I cannot discover, nor what their
form is like, for there are many impediments to knowledge, [such as] the
obscurity of the subject and the brevity of human life" (D.-K. 80B4).
Equally controversial was Protagoras's denial of an absolute standard of
truth, his assertion that every issue has two, irreconcilable sides. For example,
if one person feeling a breeze thinks it warm, while a different person
judges the same wind to be cool, they cannot decide which judgment
is correct because the wind simply is warm to one and cool to the other.
Protagoras summed up his subjectivism (the belief that there is no absolute
reality behind and independent of appearances) in the much-quoted
opening of his work entitled Truth (most of which is now lost): "Man is the
measure of all things, of the things that are that they are, and of the things
that are not that they are not" (D.-K. 80B1). "Man" in this passage (anthropos
in Greek, hence our word "anthropology") seems to refer to the individual
human being, whether male or female, whom Protagoras makes the sole
judge of his or her own impressions.
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than Athens, but from about 450 B.C. on they began to travel to Athens,which was then at the height of its material prosperity, to search for pupilswho could pay the hefty prices the sophists charged for their instruction.Wealthy young men flocked to the dazzling demonstrations that these itinerantteachers put on to showcase their ability to speak persuasively, anability that they claimed to be able to impart to students. The sophists wereoffering just what every ambitious young man wanted to learn because thegreatest single skill that a man in democratic Athens could possess was tobe able to persuade his fellow citizens in the debates of the assembly andthe council or in lawsuits before large juries. For those unwilling or unableto master the new rhetorical skills of sophistry, the sophists (for stiff fees)would compose speeches to be delivered by the purchaser as his own composition.The overwhelming importance of persuasive speech in an oralculture like that of ancient Greece made the sophists frightening figures tomany, for the new teachers offered an escalation of the power of speechthat seemed potentially destabilizing to political and social traditions.The most famous sophist was Protagoras, a contemporary of Periclesfrom Abdera in northern Greece. Protagoras emigrated to Athens around450 B.c., when he was about forty, and spent most of his career there. Hisoratorical ability and his upright character so impressed the men of Athensthat they chose him to devise a code of laws for a new colony to be foundedin Thurii in southern Italy in 444 B.C. Some of Protagoras's ideas eventuallyaroused considerable controversy. One was his agnostic position concerningthe gods: "Whether the gods exist I cannot discover, nor what theirform is like, for there are many impediments to knowledge, [such as] theobscurity of the subject and the brevity of human life" (D.-K. 80B4).Equally controversial was Protagoras's denial of an absolute standard oftruth, his assertion that every issue has two, irreconcilable sides. For example,if one person feeling a breeze thinks it warm, while a different personjudges the same wind to be cool, they cannot decide which judgmentis correct because the wind simply is warm to one and cool to the other.Protagoras summed up his subjectivism (the belief that there is no absolutereality behind and independent of appearances) in the much-quotedopening of his work entitled Truth (most of which is now lost): "Man is themeasure of all things, of the things that are that they are, and of the thingsthat are not that they are not" (D.-K. 80B1). "Man" in this passage (anthroposin Greek, hence our word "anthropology") seems to refer to the individualhuman being, whether male or female, whom Protagoras makes the solejudge of his or her own impressions.
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dari Athena, tapi dari sekitar 450 SM di mereka mulai melakukan perjalanan ke Athena,
yang kemudian pada puncak kemakmuran materi, untuk mencari murid
yang bisa membayar harga yang lumayan sofis dikenakan biaya untuk instruksi mereka.
pemuda kaya berbondong-bondong ke demonstrasi menyilaukan bahwa keliling
guru memakai untuk menampilkan kemampuan mereka untuk berbicara secara persuasif, sebuah
kemampuan yang mereka diklaim mampu memberikan kepada siswa. Sofis yang
menawarkan hanya apa yang setiap orang muda yang ambisius ingin belajar karena
satu keterampilan terbesar yang seorang pria di Athena yang demokratis dapat memiliki adalah untuk
dapat membujuk sesama warga dalam perdebatan tentang perakitan dan
dewan atau tuntutan hukum sebelum juri besar . Bagi mereka mau atau tidak
untuk menguasai keterampilan retorika baru menyesatkan, yang sofis (untuk biaya kaku)
akan menulis pidato yang akan disampaikan oleh pembeli sebagai komposisi sendiri.
Yang luar biasa pentingnya pidato persuasif dalam lisan
budaya seperti itu Yunani kuno membuat sofis angka menakutkan
banyak, untuk guru baru yang ditawarkan eskalasi kekuatan pidato
yang tampaknya berpotensi mendestabilisasi tradisi politik dan sosial.
para sofis paling terkenal adalah Protagoras, kontemporer dari Pericles
dari Abdera di utara Yunani. Protagoras beremigrasi ke Athena sekitar
450 Bc, ketika dia sekitar empat puluh, dan menghabiskan sebagian besar karirnya di sana. Nya
kemampuan berpidato dan karakter tegak nya sehingga terkesan orang-orang Athena
bahwa mereka memilih dia untuk merancang kode hukum untuk koloni baru yang akan didirikan
di Thurii di Italia selatan pada 444 SM Beberapa ide Protagoras akhirnya
menimbulkan kontroversi. Salah satunya adalah posisi agnostik-Nya terhadap
para dewa: "Apakah para dewa ada saya tidak dapat menemukan, atau apa yang mereka
bentuk seperti, karena ada banyak hambatan untuk pengetahuan, [seperti] yang
ketidakjelasan subjek dan singkatnya kehidupan manusia" ( D.-K. 80B4).
Sama kontroversial adalah penolakan Protagoras untuk standar mutlak
kebenaran, pernyataannya bahwa setiap masalah memiliki dua, sisi yang tak terdamaikan. Misalnya,
jika satu orang merasa mudah berpikir itu hangat, sementara orang yang berbeda
menghakimi angin yang sama untuk menjadi dingin, mereka tidak bisa memutuskan mana penghakiman
benar karena angin cukup hangat untuk satu dan keren untuk yang lain.
Protagoras menyimpulkan nya subyektivisme (keyakinan bahwa tidak ada yang mutlak
realitas di balik dan independen dari penampilan) di banyak dikutip
pembukaan karya berjudul Truth nya (sebagian besar yang sekarang hilang): "Manusia adalah
ukuran dari segalanya, dari hal-hal yang bahwa mereka, dan hal-hal
yang tidak bahwa mereka tidak "(D.-K. 80B1). "Man" di bagian ini (anthropos
dalam bahasa Yunani, maka kata kami "antropologi") tampaknya menunjuk pada individu
manusia, baik laki-laki atau perempuan, yang Protagoras membuat satu-satunya
hakim tayangan nya sendiri.
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