ResultsSociodemographic characteristicsA total of 422 pregnant women who attended the ANC of Adare Hospital and Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital were approached, and all women met the inclusion criteria and completed the survey, making the response rate 100%. The mean age of participants was 25.1years (range 17–42years; SD 4.4). Women in the age group of 20–24years and 25–29years accounted for 36.7% and 37.9%, respectively. The majority of respondents were urban residents (87.9%) and married (98.1%). The proportion of pregnant women who were housewives or had completed a secondary school level education were 41.5% and 56.4%, respectively (table 1).