Respondents (for example from Engineering Ltd. and Toba Ltd.) reported that their firms offered funded meals
during work hours through their in-house catering facilities to increase employee attendance and motivation to increase
capital accumulation. On the other hand firms encouraged employees to take initiatives in welfare activities that had
less impact on capital accumulation. For instance, firms considered that it was employees’ responsibility to form and
operate sports clubs. These corporate activities were disclosed in annual reports to indicate that firms were responsible
corporate citizens, with the ultimate aim of winning government and the community support.