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Our results suggest that, for firms that would miss consensus earnings forecastsin the absence of ETR changes, higher tax service fees paid to auditors areassociated with greater reductions in ETRs between the third and fourth quarters.Our findings also indicate that, among firms that do not purchase tax services fromtheir auditors, companies that would miss their earnings forecasts absent ETRchanges also experience greater third-to-fourth-quarter reductions in ETRs thancompanies that would otherwise meet or beat these estimates. We continue to findsupport for the earnings management explanation for decreases in ETRs betweenthe third and fourth quarters established by DGM 2004. These results are robust tothe inclusion of other common earnings management variables, including total anddiscretionary accruals and deferred taxes
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