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Soybean is a C3 plant, those that fix CO2 initially into three carbon sugars visa the carboxylation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP). The primary products of photosynthesis are partitioned between two major pathways, one leading to chloroplastic starch synthesis, the other to cytoplasmic sucrose synthesis (Shibles et al. 1987). Starch and sucrose are the most heavily labelled products from either pulse-chase or steady-state 14CO2 uptake, with starch often accounting for most of the radioactivity (Fisher 1970a,b). Monosaccharides such as glucose, fructose, and hexose phosphates are present, but usually in concentrations of < 1% (Streeter and Jeffers 1979). There is a daily rhythm in leaf starch content, with accumulation occurring during daytime and hydrolysis and translocation resulting in a progressive reduction at night. Under a normal photoperiod, the diurnal in crease in leaf starch content occurs at a rate of approximately 3 to 3.5 mgdm-2h-1 regaedless of nodal position (Shibles et al. 1987). Total carbon assimilation in the plant system is dependent in part on the maximum photosynthetic rate per unit leaf area and in part on interception of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) by the total leaf area of the plant. While the maximum photosynthetic rate depends on age and nitrogen level of the leaves, and on water status, temperature, and CO2 concentration in the environment, interception of PAR is affected both by flux density of radiation above the canopy and distribution within the canopy. The optimal environmental conditions for leaf CO2 assimilation in soybean include saturating photosynthetic photon flux density, moderate temperature (20 to 30 C), and ambient CO2 and O2 concentration (340ul CO2l-1 and 21%O2). Of course, faster rates would be expressed in high CO2 and/or low O2 environments, but a leaf is not normally subjected to such conditions (Shibles et al. 1987).
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