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Advances in biotechnology have revolutionized breeding and processing ofmany tropical crops, leading to improved crop management. Coffee, one of the mostimportant beverages in the world, is produced in about 80 tropical countries with anannual production of nearly seven million tons of green beans. Many livelihoods indeveloping countries are dependent on this crop. Explosion of plant biotechnologyhas led to many advances in the field of coffee production, including breeding andcultivar development, resistance to pests and diseases, quality improvement (aroma,flavor and caffeine content), product diversification, and post harvest technology.The cultivated species of coffee have a very narrow genetic base. Wild species ofcoffee offer future breeding potential for crop improvement. With many wild speciesbeing lost due to various land uses, conservation of these valuable genetic resourcesin ex situ genebanks and through seed banking become imperative. Utilization ofmodern biotechnology techniques such as tissue culture, genetic transformation andmolecular marker techniques offer great potential for future advances in cropimprovement and germplasm conservation.
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