The Commercial Division of the High

The Commercial Division of the High Court of Tanzania (popularly known as the “Commercial Court”) is conferred with the jurisdiction to hear and determine banking matters, including Islamic banking matters in the country. Zanzibar, on the other hand, has recently introduced the Commercial Court as a division of the Zanzibar High Court under Act No. 9 of 2013. The Commercial Court of Tanzania is established as per the High Court Rule 5A of the (High Court Registries, 1984). The court was established as a result of expansion in business, increase of economic activities, liberalization of the economy and privatization in the country (Commercial Court Manual, n.d.). The court caters for the whole financial industry by settling disputes efficiently, effectively and speedily. Apart from the Management Committee, the court also has a User’s Committee which advises the court on matters of practice, selecting assessors, giving suggestion and acts as a “watchdog”.
The Commercial Court has both original and appellate jurisdictions over cases of commercial significance. A commercial dispute is defined as a civil case having commercial significance including formation, governance and liability of a business or commercial organizations (Commercial Court Manual, n.d.). It can also enforce an award arising from the commercial arbitration award. The court can determine cases having a value of not less than 30 million shillings for movable and 50 million shillings for immovable properties[4]. The panel of the court must consist of not less than two assessors who are generally knowledgeable in the field concerning the suit. These assessors must be selected from the list provided by the court’s User’s Committee [High Court Registries, Rule 5B and Civil Procedure Code (CPC), O.XVIII, R.1A]. There are court fees which act as safety valve in the sense that it scares potential litigants from litigating commercial disputes, thereby reducing the number of litigated matters (Commercial Court Manual, n.d.). These fees are 3 per cent for a claim valuing not less than 200 million shilling (US$100,724), and 1 per cent payable in addition to the 3 per cent for cases valuing more than 200 million shillings (GN No. 428 of 2005). Despite these fees, there are still backlog of cases in the court. An examination of the performance summary of the court from September 1999 to September 2010 shows that, as the years go by, the cases pending at the end of the previous year continue to increase. This is also proved by an incredible increase in the number of days taken to settle a case at the court from 60 days in 1999 to 359 days as of September 2010 (Commercial Court Manual, n.d.). Twenty per cent of the cases were settled through mediation and the remaining 80 per cent by the court. Till this moment, there has not been any report of an Islamic banking matter being litigated in the court.

Results (Indonesian) 1:

Divisi komersial pengadilan tinggi Tanzania (dikenal sebagai "Pengadilan Niaga") dianugerahkan dengan yurisdiksi untuk mendengar dan menentukan masalah perbankan, termasuk masalah-masalah perbankan Syariah di Indonesia. Zanzibar, di sisi lain, baru-baru ini telah memperkenalkan Pengadilan Niaga Divisi pengadilan tinggi Zanzibar di bawah UU Nomor 9 tahun 2013. Lapangan komersial Tanzania didirikan sesuai 5A aturan pengadilan tinggi (High Court pendaftar, 1984). Pengadilan ini didirikan sebagai hasil dari ekspansi bisnis, peningkatan kegiatan ekonomi, liberalisasi ekonomi dan privatisasi di negara (Lapangan komersial tanpa tahun Manual,). Pengadilan melayani industri keuangan seluruh oleh menyelesaikan perselisihan secara efisien, efektif dan cepat. Selain Komite Manajemen, pengadilan juga memiliki Komite pengguna yang menyarankan pengadilan mengenai masalah-masalah praktek, memilih asesor, memberikan saran dan bertindak sebagai "pengawas".The Commercial Court has both original and appellate jurisdictions over cases of commercial significance. A commercial dispute is defined as a civil case having commercial significance including formation, governance and liability of a business or commercial organizations (Commercial Court Manual, n.d.). It can also enforce an award arising from the commercial arbitration award. The court can determine cases having a value of not less than 30 million shillings for movable and 50 million shillings for immovable properties[4]. The panel of the court must consist of not less than two assessors who are generally knowledgeable in the field concerning the suit. These assessors must be selected from the list provided by the court’s User’s Committee [High Court Registries, Rule 5B and Civil Procedure Code (CPC), O.XVIII, R.1A]. There are court fees which act as safety valve in the sense that it scares potential litigants from litigating commercial disputes, thereby reducing the number of litigated matters (Commercial Court Manual, n.d.). These fees are 3 per cent for a claim valuing not less than 200 million shilling (US$100,724), and 1 per cent payable in addition to the 3 per cent for cases valuing more than 200 million shillings (GN No. 428 of 2005). Despite these fees, there are still backlog of cases in the court. An examination of the performance summary of the court from September 1999 to September 2010 shows that, as the years go by, the cases pending at the end of the previous year continue to increase. This is also proved by an incredible increase in the number of days taken to settle a case at the court from 60 days in 1999 to 359 days as of September 2010 (Commercial Court Manual, n.d.). Twenty per cent of the cases were settled through mediation and the remaining 80 per cent by the court. Till this moment, there has not been any report of an Islamic banking matter being litigated in the court.

Results (Indonesian) 2:

Divisi Komersial Pengadilan Tinggi Tanzania (dikenal sebagai "Pengadilan Niaga") adalah berunding dengan yurisdiksi untuk mendengar dan menentukan urusan perbankan, termasuk urusan perbankan syariah di negara ini. Zanzibar, di sisi lain, baru-baru ini memperkenalkan Pengadilan Niaga sebagai sebuah divisi dari Pengadilan Tinggi Zanzibar berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 9 Tahun 2013. Pengadilan Niaga Tanzania didirikan sebagai per Pengadilan Tinggi Aturan 5A dari (Pengadilan Tinggi Registries, 1984). Pengadilan didirikan sebagai hasil dari ekspansi dalam bisnis, peningkatan kegiatan ekonomi, liberalisasi ekonomi dan privatisasi di negara (Commercial Court Manual, nd). Pengadilan melayani untuk industri keuangan secara keseluruhan oleh penyelesaian sengketa secara efisien, efektif dan cepat. Terlepas dari Komite Manajemen, pengadilan juga memiliki Komite sebuah Pengguna yang menyarankan pengadilan pada hal-hal praktek, memilih penilai, memberikan saran dan bertindak sebagai "pengawas".
Pengadilan Niaga memiliki kedua yurisdiksi asli dan banding atas kasus-kasus penting komersial. Sebuah perselisihan komersial didefinisikan sebagai kasus perdata memiliki signifikansi komersial termasuk pembentukan, tata kelola dan kewajiban dari bisnis atau organisasi komersial (Commercial Court Manual, nd). Hal ini juga dapat menegakkan penghargaan yang timbul dari penghargaan arbitrase komersial. Pengadilan dapat menentukan kasus yang memiliki nilai tidak kurang dari 30 juta shilling untuk bergerak dan 50 juta shilling untuk barang tidak bergerak [4]. Panel pengadilan harus terdiri dari tidak kurang dari dua asesor yang umumnya pengetahuan di bidang terkait gugatan. Penilai tersebut harus dipilih dari daftar yang disediakan oleh pengadilan Pengguna Komite [High Court Registries, Peraturan 5B dan Acara Perdata Kode (BPK), O.XVIII, R.1A]. Ada biaya pengadilan yang bertindak sebagai katup pengaman dalam arti bahwa ia takut berperkara potensial dari perkara sengketa komersial, sehingga mengurangi jumlah hal perkara (Commercial Court Manual, nd). Biaya ini 3 persen untuk klaim menilai tidak kurang dari 200 juta shilling (US $ 100.724), dan 1 per dibayarkan di samping 3 persen untuk kasus senilai lebih dari 200 juta shilling (GN No. 428 tahun 2005) persen. Meskipun biaya ini, masih ada backlog kasus di pengadilan. Pemeriksaan ringkasan kinerja pengadilan dari September 1999 hingga September 2010 menunjukkan bahwa, seperti tahun-tahun berlalu, kasus yang tertunda pada akhir tahun sebelumnya terus meningkat. Hal ini juga dibuktikan dengan peningkatan luar biasa dalam jumlah hari yang dibutuhkan untuk menyelesaikan kasus di pengadilan dari 60 hari di 1999-359 hari per September 2010 (Commercial Court Manual, nd). Dua puluh persen dari kasus diselesaikan melalui mediasi dan sisanya 80 persen oleh pengadilan. Hingga saat ini, belum ada laporan apapun dari perbankan Islam peduli sedang litigated di pengadilan.