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MethodA multiple-phase search was conducted in march 2010 to retrieve as many studies as possible focusing on the effectiveness of psychological treatments of severe somatoform disorder. ‘severe’ disorder was defined as a diagnosis of somatoform disorder according to established criteria and treatment offered in secondary or tertiary care settings. First, studies were retrieved from the scopus and web of science databases with the following search terms: (somatoform OR somatisation OR (conversion And(disorder OR symptom)) OR (somatoform AND pain disorder) in the title AND(treatment OR therapy OR intervention OR outcome OR effect OR efficacy OR evaluation) in the title, abstract or keywords. Second, the reference lists of previous review and meta-analyses were hand-searched for additional studies. Third, several experts in the field of somatoform disorders were contracted for other studies. Inclusion criteria for the studies were as follows:(A) A somatoform disorder was present according to DSM-III-R, DSM-IV-TR or ICD-10 diagnostic criteria, with exclusion of hypochondriasis and body dysmorphic disorder, or according to the somatic symptom index, with a lifetime history of eight or more somatic symptoms criterion;(B) Patients received psychotherapy in secondary or tertiary care;(C) The study reported outcome statics of validated assessment instrument to allow for effect size calculation;(D) A prospective design was used;(E) The publication was in English, Dutch or German;(F) At least ten patients were included.Two independent judges applied these selection criteria to the full-text papers that were retrieved, discussed disagreements and decided about definite inclusion. The study selection process is shown in online fig. DS1. Both randomised and non-randomised (controlled) trials were included
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