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THE NEW HEBRIDES / NOUVELLES HEBRIDES, AN ARCHIPELAGO IN THE PACI-fic, also comprised the Banks- and Torres Islands. The largest island is Espiritu Santo on which is a mountain of the same name (1811 m). Capital: Port Vila.
By treaties of 1906 and 1914-’22 the archipelago became a French-British condominium. It was administrated by twelve British Resident Commisioners from 1902 until 1980 and by twenty eight French Resident Commisioners from 1901 until 1980. [1]
On 30 July 1980 a sovereign republic was proclaimed with the name “Ripablik blong Vanuatu”. The name “Vanuatu” is composed of the words vanua = land and atu = independent, from the local bislama language.
The badge of the British Resident Commissioner showed the British royal crown and later the Imperial State Crown, accompanied by the words NEW HEBRIDES and encircled by a garland. This badge was displayed on the Union Jack.
In the time when the archipelago was administered by a French Naval Commission (1887-1901) a shield with an anchor per pale is seen on stamps of the Nouvelles Hebrides.
On coins issued in the last years of the Condomium there is the head of Marianne, symbolizing the sovereignty of the French people. In its last year coins were struck with two palmleaves in saltire and a pig’s tusk on a pole as an emblem. This emblem symbolizes the great economic importance of the coconut palm (namwele in bislama language) and the importance of the pig in local culture.
In a slightly changed form the leaves-and-tusk emblem was adopted by the republic. It was placed on the flag and is the main element of the National Emblem.
The constitution of Vanuatu stipulates that the territory of the archipelago is the property of the indigeneous people (even when the 3 % Europeans possess more than a third of it). This is symbolized in the national emblem by a Melanesian Chief, standing on the island of Espiritu Santo.
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