Now managers could ‘see’ why branch administrators were so unhappy. It was as if scales had dropped from their eyes. From a systems perspective it was obvious that the internal targets and specifications were not only not helping people do good work, but by focusing them away from their customer purpose, they were actually preventing it. Having made this discovery, in the next ‘plan’ stage, they used that knowledge to quickly alter the work design. When work arrived at a branch, the first action would now be to ‘make it clean’, so that the adjuster could close the work on the first visit. The ‘making clean’ work could and should involve the customer, so he or she could likewise ‘see’ the process and expectations could be managed (people are happy to cooperate in getting their problems solved quickly and efficiently). Endto-end settlement time became the new measure-in-use and it fell to an average of 20 days in a matter of weeks, despite the existence of a backlog