The substitution of noncash (check, giro, and credit and debit card) p translation - The substitution of noncash (check, giro, and credit and debit card) p Indonesian how to say

The substitution of noncash (check,

The substitution of noncash (check, giro, and credit and debit card) payments for
cash transactions is difficult to gauge because there are no data series on the actual
value or volume of cash transactions in any country. However, determining the
degree of cash substitution is important because it will negatively affect the
central banks’ and governments’ seigniorage revenue. We utilise a novel method
for approximating the volume of cash transactions using public information on
currency stocks and noncash payments. Applying this method, we estimate how
cash has been substituted by other payment instruments in 10 European countries.
We also provide a forecast of future cash use by country. We find that the trend in
cash substitution across countries is quite similar. However, the countries
themselves are at significantly different stages of this substitution process. The
spread of debit and credit card payments has been the key factor behind the
substitution away from cash as use of e-cash innovation is still in its infancy.
Country-specific differences in the substitution process are largely explained by
differences in the level of implementation of each country’s card payment
technology.
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The substitution of noncash (check, giro, and credit and debit card) payments forcash transactions is difficult to gauge because there are no data series on the actualvalue or volume of cash transactions in any country. However, determining thedegree of cash substitution is important because it will negatively affect thecentral banks’ and governments’ seigniorage revenue. We utilise a novel methodfor approximating the volume of cash transactions using public information oncurrency stocks and noncash payments. Applying this method, we estimate howcash has been substituted by other payment instruments in 10 European countries.We also provide a forecast of future cash use by country. We find that the trend incash substitution across countries is quite similar. However, the countriesthemselves are at significantly different stages of this substitution process. Thespread of debit and credit card payments has been the key factor behind thesubstitution away from cash as use of e-cash innovation is still in its infancy.Country-specific differences in the substitution process are largely explained bydifferences in the level of implementation of each country’s card paymenttechnology.
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Results (Indonesian) 2:[Copy]
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Substitusi non kas (cek, giro, dan kredit dan kartu debit) pembayaran untuk
transaksi tunai adalah sulit untuk mengukur karena tidak ada seri data aktual
nilai atau volume transaksi tunai di negara manapun. Namun, menentukan
derajat substitusi kas ini penting karena akan berdampak negatif terhadap
pendapatan seigniorage bank sentral dan pemerintah '. Kami menggunakan metode baru
untuk mendekati volume transaksi tunai menggunakan informasi publik pada
saham mata uang dan pembayaran non-kas. Menerapkan metode ini, kami memperkirakan bagaimana
uang telah diganti dengan alat pembayaran lainnya di 10 negara Eropa.
Kami juga menyediakan perkiraan masa penggunaan kas negara. Kami menemukan bahwa tren di
substitusi kas di negara sangat mirip. Namun, negara-negara
sendiri pada berbagai tahap signifikan dari proses substitusi ini. The
penyebaran pembayaran debit dan kartu kredit telah menjadi faktor kunci di balik
substitusi dari uang tunai penggunaan inovasi e-cash masih dalam masa pertumbuhan.
Perbedaan khusus negara dalam proses substitusi sebagian besar dijelaskan oleh
perbedaan dalam tingkat pelaksanaan pembayaran kartu masing-masing negara
teknologi.
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