Wh Google digi- tizing millions of out-of-print books and the Kindle, the iPad, and the Nook offering easy access to hundreds of thousands of e-books, the transforma- tion of libraries that looms ahead is massive and unprecedented. If books experience a print-to-electronic transition similar to what we have seen for journals, a significantly larger share of libraries’ core activities may be im- pacted profoundly. The responses to this survey point to some of the more valuable services libraries offer (or could offer), as well as highlighting the many challenges facing libraries and putting an exclamation point on the widely shared view that the libraries cannot rely on what have been their traditional strengths.