The manifestations of cullure I studied were answers on paper-and-pencilquestions about values collected by psychologists within a large multinationalbusiness enterprise among the employees of its subsidiaries in 67 countries. Icompared the distribution of answers from one country to another, at first for the40 largest subsidiaries, atterwards for over 50 subsidiaries (see Hofstede, 1980and 1983), As I always compared employees in similar occupations and, besides,the individuals were all employed by subsidiaries of the same multinationalcorporation, the national diferences in this material could not be due to eitheroccupation or employer but had to be due to nationality, to the mentalprogrammes that people brought with them when starting to work for thisemployer.