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retaining the Bourbon fleur de lys (lily), and he spoke of himself as king of the Frenchrather than king of France by the grace of God. The French state remained a constitutionalmonarchy, now commonly referred to as the July Monarchy. Its constitutionresembled the Charter of 1814, but a number of liberalizing adjustments were made toit, and the vote was extended from about 100,000 to about 200,000 voters.That extension was hardly a drastic measure (one in thirty adult males now had thevote), but most contemporary observers seemed to conclude that the new regime representeda significant advance for previously much-underrepresented middle-class interests.Still, only the highest ranks of the bourgeoisie, composed mostly of wealthyfinanciers and bankers, were enfranchised. Similarly, the new king chose his ministersfrom the wealthiest ranks of the grande bourgeoisie, not from ordinary or middle-classbusinessmen. It was further revealing that those subsequently elected to the Chamberof Deputies were almost exclusively large landowners, men with few obvious connectionsto the world of modern industry. In terms of sympathy for the urban poor, the newruling elite was only barely distinguishable from the entourage of Charles X.
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