The peculiar physical nature of Europe, with these two large inner sea translation - The peculiar physical nature of Europe, with these two large inner sea Indonesian how to say

The peculiar physical nature of Eur

The peculiar physical nature of Europe, with these two large inner seas, numerous
islands, peninsulas, natural harbors, and navigable rivers, has prompted speculations
that Europe’s unique geography, natural resources, and climate had much to do with the
cultural and scientific advances of its peoples over the last several thousand years and,
finally, with its spectacular rise in the last several centuries. Theories of geographical
determinism are out of fashion today, but there seems little question that, compared to
other areas of similar size, modern Europe has benefited from a number of natural features.
More precisely, it seems reasonable to conclude that European industrialization
would have been impossible, or at least far slower in its progress, had Europe not enjoyed
the advantages of temperate climate, much fertile soil (and no desert), significant mineral
deposits (particularly coal and iron), many navigable rivers, thousands of miles of
coastline, and countless natural harbors. The precise role of geographical features is not
easily conceptualized and must be integrated into other factors, such as stages of historical
and intellectual–cultural development. Underground coal reserves are of little use to
stone-age peoples, as indeed uranium deposits would have had no meaning for early
nineteenth-century entrepreneurs. But, in Europe’s case, the stages of intellectual–cultural
preparation and geography came together in particularly productive ways in the
last several centuries.
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The peculiar physical nature of Europe, with these two large inner seas, numerousislands, peninsulas, natural harbors, and navigable rivers, has prompted speculationsthat Europe’s unique geography, natural resources, and climate had much to do with thecultural and scientific advances of its peoples over the last several thousand years and,finally, with its spectacular rise in the last several centuries. Theories of geographicaldeterminism are out of fashion today, but there seems little question that, compared toother areas of similar size, modern Europe has benefited from a number of natural features.More precisely, it seems reasonable to conclude that European industrializationwould have been impossible, or at least far slower in its progress, had Europe not enjoyedthe advantages of temperate climate, much fertile soil (and no desert), significant mineraldeposits (particularly coal and iron), many navigable rivers, thousands of miles ofcoastline, and countless natural harbors. The precise role of geographical features is noteasily conceptualized and must be integrated into other factors, such as stages of historicaland intellectual–cultural development. Underground coal reserves are of little use tostone-age peoples, as indeed uranium deposits would have had no meaning for earlynineteenth-century entrepreneurs. But, in Europe’s case, the stages of intellectual–culturalpreparation and geography came together in particularly productive ways in thelast several centuries.
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Sifat fisik khas Eropa, dengan dua laut ini besar dalam, banyak
pulau, semenanjung, pelabuhan alam, dan sungai-sungai dilayari, telah mendorong spekulasi
bahwa geografi Eropa yang unik, sumber daya alam, dan iklim telah banyak melakukan dengan
kemajuan budaya dan ilmiah rakyatnya selama beberapa ribu tahun terakhir dan,
akhirnya, dengan kenaikan spektakuler dalam beberapa abad terakhir. Teori geografis
determinisme keluar dari fashion saat ini, tetapi tampaknya ada sedikit pertanyaan itu, dibandingkan dengan
daerah lain dengan ukuran yang sama, Eropa modern yang telah mendapatkan manfaat dari sejumlah fitur alami.
Lebih tepatnya, tampaknya masuk akal untuk menyimpulkan bahwa industrialisasi Eropa
akan menjadi mungkin, atau setidaknya jauh lebih lambat di kemajuannya, telah Eropa tidak menikmati
keuntungan dari iklim, tanah banyak yang subur (dan tidak ada gurun), mineral yang signifikan
deposito (terutama batubara dan besi), banyak sungai dilayari, ribuan mil dari
garis pantai, dan pelabuhan alam yang tak terhitung jumlahnya. Peran yang tepat dari fitur geografis tidak
mudah dikonseptualisasikan dan harus diintegrasikan ke dalam faktor-faktor lain, seperti tahapan sejarah
perkembangan dan intelektual-budaya. Cadangan batubara bawah tanah jarang digunakan untuk
masyarakat zaman batu, karena memang deposito uranium akan memiliki arti untuk awal
pengusaha abad kesembilan belas. Tapi, dalam kasus Eropa, tahapan intelektual-budaya
persiapan dan geografi datang bersama-sama dengan cara yang sangat produktif dalam
beberapa abad terakhir.
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