Some five centuries ago, Leonardo da Vinci wrote: “La teoria e il capi translation - Some five centuries ago, Leonardo da Vinci wrote: “La teoria e il capi Indonesian how to say

Some five centuries ago, Leonardo d

Some five centuries ago, Leonardo da Vinci wrote: “La teoria e il capitano e la pratica e il soldato.” A widespread misunderstanding of the rule of science has persisted through the centuries. Scientific research is mistakenly supposed to be spurred on by problems that arise in the practical needs of daily life. Scientists are looked upon as phisicians hired to cure the ills of the mankind and to satisfy the needs of the common man. The problems of sciences are believed to be inspired by the demands of the nation’s economy.
A cusory look at the history of sciences provides the crushing refutationof this insidious prejudice. In each and every instance when a major application of science was discovered, the theory behind the application had been discovered first, and without apparent motivation. Applications were always found, but they came later and unexpectedly.
Engineers who are stuck on a technological problem do not turn to basic research. They do the opposite; they rush to the library and scan articles published years ago in whichever journals, in search of scientific facts that will help them. On rare occasions they may even turn to scientists for advice. Eventually, engineers will appropriate and adopt the scientist’s work, often without acknowledgment, or after disguising it in their own jargon.
The miracles of science, which has repeated itself too often to be an acciden, is that theoretical discoveries that are systematically denounced as devoid of conceivable application are later found to be the key to the advances in technology. We will gave four instances of this phenomenon, but one could provide a hundred. The senior author has shamelessly drawn all four from his own field, namely, mathematicts.

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Beberapa lima abad yang lalu, Leonardo da Vinci menulis: "La teoria e il capitano e la pratica e il soldato." Kesalahpahaman yang tersebar luas aturan ilmu pengetahuan telah berlarutan sepanjang abad. Penelitian ilmiah keliru seharusnya menjadi didorong oleh masalah yang timbul dalam kebutuhan praktis kehidupan sehari-hari. Para ilmuwan yang dipandang sebagai phisicians dipekerjakan untuk menyembuhkan penyakit-penyakit manusia dan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan orang-orang biasa. Masalah ilmu diyakini terinspirasi oleh tuntutan perekonomian nasional.Melihat cusory sejarah ilmu menyediakan refutationof menghancurkan prasangka ini berbahaya. Dalam setiap contoh ketika aplikasi besar ilmu ditemukan, teori di balik aplikasi telah ditemukan pertama kali, dan tanpa motivasi yang jelas. Aplikasi selalu ditemukan, tetapi mereka datang kemudian dan tak terduga.Insinyur yang terjebak pada masalah teknologi tidak berpaling untuk penelitian dasar. Mereka melakukan yang sebaliknya; mereka buru-buru ke perpustakaan dan memindai artikel yang diterbitkan tahun lalu dalam jurnal mana, untuk mencari fakta ilmiah yang akan membantu mereka. Pada kesempatan langka mereka mungkin bahkan berbalik kepada para ilmuwan untuk nasihat. Akhirnya, insinyur akan sesuai dan mengadopsi ilmuwan bekerja, sering tanpa pengakuan, atau setelah menyamarkan itu dalam jargon mereka sendiri.Mukjizat mengenai ilmu pengetahuan, yang telah mengulangi itu sendiri terlalu sering menjadi acciden, adalah bahwa penemuan-penemuan teoritis yang sistematis dikecam sebagai tanpa aplikasi dibayangkan kemudian ditemukan untuk menjadi kunci untuk kemajuan teknologi. Kami akan memberikan empat contoh dari fenomena ini, tapi ada yang bisa memberikan seratus. Penulis senior tanpa malu-malu telah ditarik semua empat dari Lapangan sendiri, yaitu mathematicts.
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