For those turning 65 in 1995, Social Security has generally become a l translation - For those turning 65 in 1995, Social Security has generally become a l Indonesian how to say

For those turning 65 in 1995, Socia

For those turning 65 in 1995, Social Security has generally become a losing proposition, for three reasons. First, unlike those turning 65 in 1960, these workers did have to pay taxes their entire working lives to finance their benefits. Second, slowing tax rate growth meant that they received a much smaller tax rate growth effect. Finally, there has been a very significant reduction in the wage and population growth effects, beginning in the early 1970s. Before 1973, for example, the population growth effect averaged 1.5% per year, and the wage growth effect averaged 2.5% per year; since 1973, the population growth effect has averaged only 1% per year, and the wage growth effect has averaged only 0.9% per year.13Those turning 65 in 2030 have the worst outcome, since payroll taxes are no longer rising at all, and wage and population growth are slow. In addition to showing how the Social Security system has treated different generations, this table also shows how the system has treated workers with different levels of earnings. In particular, the Social Security system has shifted from one that favored the rich, with a higher SSW for the rich than for the poor, to one that favors the poor, with a higher SSW for the poor than for the rich. The reason for this change is that higher- income earners pay more money into the system through payroll taxes. So when the returns to Social Security are high (through high wage growth, population growth, and tax rate growth), they benefit more than lower -income earners. But when the returns to Social Security are low, higher- income earners have more of their income in an underperforming asset, and they are worse off than low- income earners. The treatment of different earnings levels is only one example of the redistributionthat Social Security causes across different groups within any generation.
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For those turning 65 in 1995, Social Security has generally become a losing proposition, for three reasons. First, unlike those turning 65 in 1960, these workers did have to pay taxes their entire working lives to finance their benefits. Second, slowing tax rate growth meant that they received a much smaller tax rate growth effect. Finally, there has been a very significant reduction in the wage and population growth effects, beginning in the early 1970s. Before 1973, for example, the population growth effect averaged 1.5% per year, and the wage growth effect averaged 2.5% per year; since 1973, the population growth effect has averaged only 1% per year, and the wage growth effect has averaged only 0.9% per year.13Those turning 65 in 2030 have the worst outcome, since payroll taxes are no longer rising at all, and wage and population growth are slow. In addition to showing how the Social Security system has treated different generations, this table also shows how the system has treated workers with different levels of earnings. In particular, the Social Security system has shifted from one that favored the rich, with a higher SSW for the rich than for the poor, to one that favors the poor, with a higher SSW for the poor than for the rich. The reason for this change is that higher- income earners pay more money into the system through payroll taxes. So when the returns to Social Security are high (through high wage growth, population growth, and tax rate growth), they benefit more than lower -income earners. But when the returns to Social Security are low, higher- income earners have more of their income in an underperforming asset, and they are worse off than low- income earners. The treatment of different earnings levels is only one example of the redistributionthat Social Security causes across different groups within any generation.
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Bagi mereka berbalik 65 pada tahun 1995, Jamsostek telah umumnya menjadi proposisi kehilangan, karena tiga alasan. Pertama, tidak seperti berputar 65 pada tahun 1960, para pekerja ini memang harus membayar pajak seluruh kehidupan kerja mereka untuk membiayai tunjangan mereka. Kedua, perlambatan pertumbuhan tarif pajak berarti bahwa mereka menerima efek pertumbuhan tarif pajak jauh lebih kecil. Akhirnya, telah terjadi penurunan yang sangat signifikan dalam efek upah dan pertumbuhan penduduk, dimulai pada awal 1970-an. Sebelum tahun 1973, misalnya, efek pertumbuhan penduduk rata-rata 1,5% per tahun, dan efek pertumbuhan upah rata-rata 2,5% per tahun; sejak tahun 1973, efek pertumbuhan penduduk telah rata-rata hanya 1% per tahun, dan efek pertumbuhan upah telah rata-rata hanya 0,9% per year.13Those berputar 65 pada tahun 2030 memiliki hasil terburuk, karena pajak gaji tidak lagi naik sama sekali, dan upah dan pertumbuhan penduduk yang lambat. Selain menunjukkan bagaimana sistem Jaminan Sosial telah diperlakukan generasi yang berbeda, tabel ini juga menunjukkan bagaimana sistem telah memperlakukan pekerja dengan berbagai tingkat pendapatan. Secara khusus, sistem Jaminan Sosial telah bergeser dari yang disukai orang kaya, dengan SSW lebih tinggi untuk orang kaya daripada orang miskin, untuk yang nikmat orang miskin, dengan SSW yang lebih tinggi untuk orang miskin daripada orang kaya. Alasan untuk perubahan ini adalah bahwa mereka yang berpenghasilan lebih tinggi-membayar lebih banyak uang ke dalam sistem melalui pajak gaji. Jadi ketika kembali ke Jamsostek tinggi (melalui pertumbuhan upah yang tinggi, pertumbuhan penduduk, dan pertumbuhan tarif pajak), mereka mendapatkan keuntungan lebih dari penerima -income lebih rendah. Namun ketika kembali ke Jamsostek rendah, berpenghasilan lebih tinggi-lebih dari pendapatan mereka di aset berkinerja, dan mereka lebih buruk dari mereka yang berpenghasilan rendah. Pengobatan tingkat pendapatan yang berbeda adalah hanya satu contoh dari redistributionthat Jaminan Sosial menyebabkan seluruh kelompok yang berbeda dalam setiap generasi.
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