Kenny et al. (1999) demonstrated that the addition of
100 ppm AA into dough frozen for 8 weeks produced bread
with significantly higher volume than the control, with loaf
volume for both formulations decreasing with frozen
storage time. The crumb firmness value of bread with AA
was also lower than the control, with a gradual increase in
the firmness with frozen storage time, which was probably
related to the decrease in volume. The difference in
firmness between the control and bread with AA and the
superiority of AA when compared to sodium stearoyl
lactylate (SSL) and DATEM became more pronounced
with increasing frozen storage time. Furthermore, extensigraph
measurements showed that stronger dough with
higher R5 cm values than the control was produced with the
addition of AA, while the reduction in R/E and extensibility,
commonly associated with freezing and thawing,
became less pronounced