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This section describes the data set, selected variables, and the statistical models. In this study financial distress is defined as the companies suffering with losses continuously for three years or more and/or, suffering with negative cash flow position continuously for three years or more and/ or, have a negative net worth continuously for three years or more. Dependent variables are categorical as financially distressed or non- distressed. The companies which satisfied one of these three criteria are defined as‘financially distressed’ Companies.This study uses the financial ratios, cash flow ratios and market based variables as the independent variables. Table 1 present all the variables with their definitions. These ratios are incorporated for the studies of company failure by many research studies to date (ex: Altman, 1968; Samarakoon & Hasan, 2003; Beaver et al., 2005 etc).The data are collected from the annual reports of the listed companies in the Colombo Stock Exchange for the period from 2002 to 2011. There are 20 industries and 246 companies quoted in CSE as of 31st March, 2011. In determining the population Banking, Finance and Insurance industry is excluded since it has separate characteristics than the other industries by its nature. Out of the remaining 206 quoted public companies, the companies that satisfied one of the above mentioned three criteria have beenselected as distressed company. Certain companies which satisfied the criteria as distressed has to be ignored from the sample due to the unavailability of previous years data, listed in CSE at least not more than three years from the distressed year, or unavailability of healthy company for matched sample (ex: Information technology industry). Finally, the study used total sample size of 134 quoted public companies registered in CSE. The sample size comprised with sixty seven (67) numbers of financially distressed companies and the same number of non-distressed companies as the matched sample which has been selected based on the industry and/or asset size following the literature
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