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Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) agriculture is rapidly expanding and requires large areas<br>of land in the tropics to meet the global demand for palm oil products. Land cover<br>conversion of peat swamp forest to oil palm (large- and small-scale oil palm<br>production) is likely to have negative impacts on microhabitat conditions. This study<br>assessed the impact of peat swamp forest conversion to oil palm plantation on<br>microclimate conditions and soil characteristics. The measurement of microclimate<br>(air temperature, wind speed, light intensity and relative humidity) and soil<br>characteristics (soil surface temperature, soil pH, soil moisture, and ground cover<br>vegetation temperature) were compared at a peat swamp forest, smallholdings and a<br>large-scale plantation. Results showed that the peat swamp forest was 1.5–2.3 C<br>cooler with significantly greater relative humidity, lower light intensities and wind<br>speed compared to the smallholdings and large-scale plantations. Soil characteristics<br>were also significantly different between the peat swamp forest and both types of oil<br>palm plantations with lower soil pH, soil and ground cover vegetation surface<br>temperatures and greater soil moisture in the peat swamp forest. These results<br>suggest that peat swamp forests have greater ecosystem benefits compared to oil palm<br>plantations with smallholdings agricultural approach as a promising management<br>practice to improve microhabitat conditions. Our findings also justify the<br>การอนุรักษ์ป่าพรุที่เหลือพรุที่จะให้ที่หลบภัยจากรุนแรง<br>เงื่อนไข microclimatic ที่เป็นลักษณะสวนขนาดใหญ่และ smallholdings
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