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Growth Performance MeasurementBody weight and feed intake were recorded in the morning on d 14, 28 and 42, respectively. Body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated based on a method described previously (Engberg et al., 2000; Wang et al., 2010b). Intestinal Contents Collectionand pH Measurement On d 28 and 42, twelve broilers were randomly chosen from each treatment group and were killed by cervical dislocation. The cecum was ligated at the ileal junction and removed under sterile conditions. The contents of ileum and cecum were accurately weighed and dilutedwith distilled water in proportion of 1:8 (Ma, 2002); then, the pH of the mixture was measured with a pH meter (PHS-2F, Shanghai Precision and Scientific Instrument Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China). Composition of Microflora in Cecal Contents Under aseptic conditions, 0.5 g of cecal content was put into test tubes containing 4.5 mL of aseptic saline, which were homogenized by a vortex shaker (QL-901, Kylin-bell Lab Instruments Co. Ltd., Haimen, China) for 30 s. The samples were serially diluted in 0.9% sterile saline solution for bacteria counting of Escherichiacoli, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium (Giannenas et al., 2010). Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium were cultured using MacConkey, LBS, and BBL agar, respectively, (Qingdao High-tech Industrial Park Haibo Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shandong, China),and incubated at 37°C for 24, 48, and 48 h, respectively (Baurhoo et al., 2007). The counted results of formed colonies were expressed as log10 cfu per gram of fresh sample. All microbiological analyses were conducted in triplicate, and the average values were usedfor statistical analysis.
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