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A number of studies, however, report that the welfare reform legislation seems to havehad an important influence on immigrant participation in welfare programs (Fix and Passel,1999; Borjas, 2001). In particular, welfare participation rates declined after 1996 for bothimmigrant and native households, but the decline was much steeper among immigrants.This finding led an Urban Institute study to conclude that “because comparatively few legalimmigrants were ineligible for public benefits as of December 1997, it appears that thesteeper declines in non-citizens’ than citizens’ use of welfare ... owe more to the ‘chillingeffect’ of welfare reform and other policy changes than they do to actual eligibility changes”
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