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Gaharu which is also known as agarwood or aloeswood is a fragrant resinous heartwood that is usually derived from diseased timber of the genus Aquilaria (Thymelaeaceae). Gaharu can be formed through inducement process such as injury, cutting, pest or insect disturbance, microorganism, fire, chemical or colonisation (Dai et al. 2009). The strong scent of gaharu oil is unique and complex and highly favoured as perfumery, while the gaharu in powder form is used in incense and medicinal application (Naef 2011). However, the harvesting of gaharu from the forest is posing a threat to the gaharu- producing species. The highly lucrative prices of this commodity have attracted much interest among local and overseas traders. There is increasing demand for high grade gaharu in the global market. Furthermore, all specieswithin the genus Aquilaria are now listed in Appendix II of CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) including all gaharu- related products. This means that a permit is required for the export or import of gaharu. More importantly, for the past few years there has been increasing interest from the private sector to set up gaharu plantations. Despite the risk, some companies and individuals have proceeded to establish plantations with the belief that the inducement technology will enable the invaluable heartwood to be formed. However, without any injury or illness, trees may not produce gaharu. There is also uncertainty whether trees grown under cultivation and the use of artificial heartwood inducement techniques will produce gaharu of similar quality to that harvested from natural
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