Silvicultural systems are generally

Silvicultural systems are generally viewed as resulting
in the development of either even-aged
(clearcut, seedtree, shelterwood, or coppice methods)
or uneven-aged (group- or single-tree selection methods)
forest stands (Table 1). Alternately, they can be
characterized by the degree of canopy influence during
the various stages of stand development. Clearcut
systems have minimal canopy influence throughout
establishment and growth. Seedtree systems are typified
by canopy seedfall but minimal protection for
establishing regeneration. Shelterwood systems have
canopy protection during establishment and early
growth of new seedlings. Selection systems are characterized
by a dominance of canopy influences
throughout the life of the stand.

Results (Indonesian) 2:

Sistem silvikultur umumnya dipandang sebagai akibat
dalam pengembangan baik bahkan usia
(metode tebang habis, seedtree, Pohon pelindung, atau semak belukar)
atau (metode seleksi kelompok-atau single-pohon) yang tidak seumur
tegakan hutan (Tabel 1). Bergantian, mereka dapat
ditandai dengan tingkat pengaruh kanopi selama
berbagai tahap perkembangan berdiri. Tebang habis
sistem memiliki pengaruh kanopi minimal seluruh
pembentukan dan pertumbuhan. Sistem Seedtree yang ditandai
oleh seedfall kanopi tetapi perlindungan minimal untuk
membangun regenerasi. Sistem Pohon pelindung memiliki
perlindungan kanopi selama pembentukan dan awal
pertumbuhan bibit baru.