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The process of cell growth and division in eukaryotes is called the cell cycle. This cycle is divided into phases based on what is happening in the cell at a given time. A cell grows during the G1 phase.During this phase there is a chemical "checkpoint" that controls whether the cell will divide,delay division or enter a resting stage.When conditions in the cell are right the G1 checkpoint will be passed and the cell will enter the synthesis (S) phase.During the S phase DNA replication occurs so that future cells will each have a complete set of the genetic instructions in the DNA.After DNA replication is complete cells enter the G2 phase,where they continue to grow and prepare for cell division. At a checkpoint in this phase the success of DNA replication is assessed; if all is well,the cell enters the mitosis (M) phase.During the M phase, a complex series of events moves the DNA so that a complete set of genetic instructions will be sent to each daughter cell. The process of mitosis is assessed at a checkpoint during the M phase.Once this checkpoint is passed,the cell will complete mitosis as well as begin the cytokinesis (C) phase.Part or all of the C phase actually overlaps with the later parts of mitosis,so it is not a distinctly separate phase.During the C phase the cytoplasm of the cell is divided and two daughter cells are created from the original cell. When this process is finished the daughter cells enter the G1 phase and the cycle is complete.
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