The most common vectors for disease transmission are arthropods (e.g., fleas, insects) or vertebrates (e.g., rodents, dogs and cats). The pathogens may or may not multiply inside the arthropod vector. Some vector-borne diseases are malaria (caused by Plas- modium), yellow fever or encephalitis (both due to arboviruses), and rabies (from virus transmitted by the bite of rabid dogs or cats).