a brief description has been included. The drive with outer loop torque control is suitable for a propulsion-type drive, but it can be easily extended to an industrial drive with speed control loop. The control does not consider zero-speed startup condition. Except for the proportional–integral (P–I) control loops in Fig. 1, the whole drive control system can be implemented by three ANN chips, i.e., PWM modulator, flux estimator, and signal estimator described in [8]. Currently, implementation of P–I control loops by RNN is in progress. It appears that full control and feedback estimation of a high-performance drive system are possible by a few neural network chips in the near future and, ultimately, one chip will perform all the functions.