Groundwater is currently the main resource available to meet Palestinian water demand in the West Bank and Gaza. In Gaza, the groundwater is over-abstracted and of poor quality. The coastal aquifer, which is the only groundwater source, is rapidly deteriorating due to seawater intrusion and pollution of recharge sources. Per capita withdrawal levels are among the lowest in the region, at around 100 liters per capita per day in the West Bank and Gaza. According to a World Bank study published in 2009, water withdrawals per capita for Palestinians are about one quarter of those for Israelis. Withdrawals have declined over the last decade; in 2007, only 113 million cubic meters (MCM) were withdrawn from the shared aquifers in the West Bank compared to 138 MCM in 1999. Although 90 percent of the population and 64 percent of communities in the West Bank and Gaza have access to a water network, service discontinuity results in low consumption rates and significant negative economic impacts. Water losses and bill collection rates hover around 40 percent and 50 percent respectively.